Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwansuku zonke kwabaxubi bempuphu, abaqhubi bangase babhekane nalo mbuzo odidayo:
Kungani amanye ama-powder exubana kahle futhi ngempumelelo, kuyilapho amanye edinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kokushisa nomswakama? Lokhu kuvame ukuvela emqondweni oyinhloko odideka kalula—“impuphu eyomile” uma kuqhathaniswa “nempuphu yamakhemikhali eyomile.”Nakuba zombili zibonakala njengezimpuphu ezomile, ngokombono wesayensi yezinto zokwakha oqinile, zinomehluko omkhulu.
I. Izincazelo
“Impuphu eyomile” igama elibanzi elibhekisela ezintweni zokusetshenziswa zezimboni. Emikhakheni yezimboni kanye nobuchwepheshe bempuphu, libhekisela kuzo zonke izinto ezikhona ngesimo sezinhlayiya eziqinile ezomile.
Izinto ezinjalo zitholakala kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni kwansuku zonke, njengofulawa kanye nobisi oluyimpuphu embonini yokudla, impuphu zemithi, kanye nemibala kanye nezinto zokugcwalisa embonini yamakhemikhali.
Ngokombono wabaxubi bempuphu, inhloso eyinhloko ekucubunguleni lawa “mampuphu omile” ngokuvamile ukufezaukuxuba okufanayo ngokomzimbaOnjiniyela bokuxuba bagxila kakhulu ezintweni ezifana nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya, isimo sezinhlayiya, ubuningi, kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye ezahlukene azihlukanisi ngemva kokuxuba.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, “impuphu yamakhemikhali eyomile” ingumqondo ocacile futhi ochazwe kancane onomsebenzi wamakhemikhali ocacile kanye nokusabela kwawo.
Emikhakheni yobunjiniyela kanye nokuphepha emlilweni, leli gama libhekisela ekilasini lama-powder aklanywe ngobunjiniyela aklanywe ngamakhemikhali akhethekile. Akuzona nje izinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa futhi ziyizinto ezisebenzayo ezinezinjongo ezithile zamakhemikhali.
Ukusetshenziswa kwazo okuvame kakhulu njengezinto zokucima umlilo. Isibonelo, i-ABC dry chemical powder yakhiwe kakhulu yi-ammonium phosphate, kuyilapho i-BC dry chemical powder yakhiwe kakhulu yi-sodium bicarbonate. Lawa ma-powder aklanyelwe ukubhekana nokusabela kwamakhemikhali ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile (njengokuchayeka emlilweni) ukuze kuncishiswe ukusha.
II. Umehluko Ekucubungulweni Kwe-Mixer
Kuma-powders avamile owomile, umsebenzi oyinhloko womxube ukubhekanaukuziphatha kokuxuba ngokomzimba.
Abaqhubi kudingeka balungise isivinini sokuxuba kanye nobude besikhathi ngokuya ngezakhiwo zezinto ezifana ne-engeli yokuphumula kanye nobuningi bezinto, ukuze bavimbele ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo ngemva kokuxuba. Umgomo uwukufeza "ukufana" ngokomzimba.
Yonke inqubo iguquguquka kancane. Nakuba ukuhlanzeka kwemvelo, izinga lokushisa, kanye nomswakama kusadingeka kucatshangelwe, ngokuvamile akukho bungozi obukhulu bamakhemikhali obuhilelekile.
Nokho, ngempuphu yamakhemikhali eyomile, izinselele zokuxuba ziyashintsha ziyeukuzinza kwamakhemikhali kanye nokunemba kokwakheka.
Uma kucutshungulwa ama-powder anjalo, inhloso akusekho ukuxuba nje, kodwa futhi:
● ukuvimbela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okungahlosiwe
● ukuqinisekisa izilinganiso zokwakheka eziqondile
● ukugcina ukuzinza kokusebenza okusebenzayo
Isibonelo, ekukhiqizweni kwempuphu yokucisha umlilo, isilinganiso se-ammonium phosphate kunezithasiselo kumele sibe sinembile kakhulu. Ngisho nokuphambuka okuncane ekwakhiweni kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokucisha umlilo noma kwenze umkhiqizo ungasebenzi kahle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa ma-powder avame ukuba ne-hygroscopic futhi angabonisa izakhiwo ezithile ezigqwalisayo noma ezicasulayo. Ngakho-ke, izinhlelo zokuxuba zingadinga ukuhlonyiswa ngalezi zinto ezilandelayo:
● izinhlelo zokuvala uthuli ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nokuvimbela ukuvuza
● izinhlelo zokuvikela igesi ezingasebenzi (uma kudingeka)
● izinhlelo zokulawula izinga lokushisa ukunciphisa ukushisa okubangelwa ukungqubuzana ngesikhathi sokuxuba
Lezi zinyathelo zisiza ekuvimbeleni ukubola, ukubola, noma ukugqwala kwemishini ngesikhathi sokucubungula.
III. Izindawo Zokufaka Isicelo
Lo mehluko ubonakala kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kokucima umlilo.
Ezindinganisweni zomhlaba wonke njengezinhlelo zokuhlukanisa ze-NFPA, igama elithi “impuphu eyomile” livame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kuma-ejenti okucima umlilo ensimbi ekilasini D, kuyilapho elithi “impuphu yamakhemikhali eyomile” livame ukubhekisela kuma-ejenti okucima umlilo emisebenzi eminingi ekilasini A, B, kanye no-C.
Kodwa-ke, ezimweni zezentengiselwano kanye nezansuku zonke, ngenxa yokuthi izimpushana zamakhemikhali ezomile ze-ABC yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, la magama amabili avame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana.
Noma kunjalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona umehluko ongakanani wamagama, isimiso esiyisisekelo sihlala singaguquguquki:
Impuphu yamakhemikhali eyomile iyinto esebenzayo eyenzelwe izinjongo ezithile zamakhemikhali, kuyilapho impuphu eyomile evamile iyinto eluhlaza ebonakalayo esetshenziselwa ukuxuba.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-12-2026